The Inner-Directed person holds independent views derived through rational study and/or intuitive processes in contrast to the outer-directed person who "follows the crowd" or accepts the guidance of authority figures without reasonable questions.  "Inner-Directed" has also been associated with the Aquarian Age individual man  in contrast to the Piscean Age with its symbolism of fish who swim in groups. The outer-directed person is perceived as easily manipulated because of his dependence on outer authority.